Wrapping the semester up for portfolio Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wrapping the semester up for portfolio - Article Example In addition, Montaigne hates cruelty against living things. He questions the presumption that human beings can and should rule over other creatures when the former could be so cruel to the latter. He gives examples of how ancient peoples despised cruelty against human beings and animals too, even those who/that have wronged them. Montaigne argues that torture and the death penalty are examples of human cruelty. He does not approve of cruelty because it violates the human sensibility for compassion and it turns humans into inhumane monsters. Jane Kramer describes Montaigne’s writings about the â€Å"self,† most especially, his â€Å"self.† Montaigne was 38 years old when he started writing his essays for the purpose of pursuing â€Å"Myself† or his identity. Kramer advises that people can best read Montaigne through his own observation of himself. By the self, she refers to Montaigne’s second life, because his identity in his writings is detached from his real life. She wonders why Montaigne did not speak with more details about his life. He did not connect his beliefs to his own experiences as a politician, family man, and a man with religion. She indicates that this must have enriched his thoughts about many more issues. She adds that Montaigne did not discuss other important political and social issues in his time too. Moreover, Kramer notes that Montaigne criticizes his essays for lack of unity. He also admits to fearing fear most of all, although, before he died, he accepted his f ear of emptiness that comes after death. Kramer ends with Montaigne’s desire to be statesman again. However, before he returns to a political post, he has become too sick of his kidney stones to perform his political functions. WikiHow describes the method of writing a five paragraph essay. It starts with an introduction that sets the tone and hooks the audience. The hook must be followed by the topic and then the thesis. The thesis must be coherent and

US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay About one third of American children and 15% of teenagers are overweight or obese. (Obesity, 2009) Many factors contribute to obesity in children including genetics, poor diet, and lack of physical exertion, environment, and uninformed parents. Obesity is an unhealthy accumulation of body fat that threatens the youth of our nation. From the 20th to the 21st century obesity has increased by a factor of four and continues to grow unchecked. Given the nature of our lives and how they have dramatically changed from playing outside to playing video games, from eating homemade food to fast food, and the amount of technology our youth is exposed to currently obesity is at an all-time high. The research will show our nation’s efforts to address the youth of our nation on obesity, causes of obesity, and preventive actions to obesity though school programs. The research will show how obesity is a growing epidemic and what preventive steps can be taken to reduce the number of children affected by obesity. This research study will be limited to children no older than fifteen and focus on the nation’s schools. The research will focus on specific U. S. responses to causes of obesity from society, habitual exposure to food usage by parents, eating habits, and cafeteria programs. With the development of the causes to obesity the research will also show the specific aspects of addressing obesity in children though schools, parents, nutritional education and physical activeness. Research will be conducted in subscription databases, books, journals, and educational institutions based on 21st century data. This study will examine our nation’s preemptive measures in educational awareness, parental awareness, and activity utilization provided by our schools, government agencies, and state officials. Obesity in most cases is correctable by the maintenance of a proper and well-balanced diet consisting of the essential nutrients and the adequate caloric intake necessary to promote growth and sustain the physiological requirements at the various stages of a child’s development. (Pediatric Nutrition, 2009) As children develop there are nutritional needs that must be met and provided for a healthy start to life. Parenting plays a large role in a child’s preventive actions to obesity. The research will address the educational information available to parents and its many sources. Preliminary findings support that our nation is making efforts to educate everyone on the importance of obesity awareness and signs of obesity. The nation develops programs and activity guidelines for schools and strictly enforces their usage based upon an academic value required by the children. The research will show how school programs supporting our children will greatly decrease the likelihood of a child being or becoming obese. Obesity is a national epidemic and if not addressed this issue in will forever dominate and affect our children and their ways of life. Experts from all over the world give time and attention to this ever-growing issue to ensure that our youth who are the future leaders of our world will be healthy and lead active lives. We must make every measure to ensure that our children are given the best opportunities to be healthy by giving them the knowledge and the justification of importance. We as a nation must take the time to educate, inform, practice, and administer healthy choices to our children and to ourselves we will strike a powerful blow to the devastation caused by obesity. The United States school systems are currently engaged in a furious battle against childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is affecting millions of children in America between the ages of 2 and 19 years of age. Obesity is defined as an imbalance between the amount of energy absorbed and energy used, thus resulting in a larger amount of energy coming in than what is being used. The manifestation of this imbalance has many contributing factors that can accumulate or be the direct cause on their own such as genetics, and metabolism. Childhood Obesity is something that we as a nation can change though our school systems. I claim that our schools are the best tools to combat this growing epidemic. Today childhood obesity has public health officials in a state of near panic. About one-fourth of all children from 2 to 5 years old are overweight or obese before they enter kindergarten (Lockhead, 2009). I further claim that our Nation’s school dietary programs must be improved to combat this growing epidemic. Our children are facing life-threating health hazards that must be address. Schools have access to 95% of the children in the United States and this provides a very solid platform for improving the health and awareness within our children. I offer as evidence the recent USDA’s announcement of Team Nutrition Training Grants to improve health of America’s children (USDA, 2010). Team Nutrition is part of the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service that will improve the schools dietary plans by implementing the principles of the Dietary Guidelines for American and MyPyramid. This is a two year program that will provide education and assistance to staff working in the schools cafeteria’s and lunch rooms. The purpose is to make meals as well as independent meal selections healthier for children. Over the course of the grant, information and education will be provided to parents as well. Parents must help adjust and support healthy eating habits at home. Additional evidence to support my argument comes from Tennessee where a coordinated school health program received praise for dropping obesity by 2% from 2000 to 2006. Budget cuts nearly cost the school this wonderful program, but the state health department was able to provided funding. The program of not selling soda or fruit juice in Tennessee schools increased from 26. 7 percent in 2006 to 74 percent in 2008. And of these schools 64 percent do not sell â€Å"unhealthy items† on school property (McClatchy, 2010). The First Lady Michelle Obama herself also supports and addresses this epidemic on a national scale with her program Let’s Move! addressing Brock Elementary School. First and foremost, were working with all of you to get fresher, more nutritious food into our schools. And we believe that one of the best ways to do this is through the HealthierUS Schools Challenge. This program has spurred schools all across the country to raise their standards and transform their classrooms and cafeterias into healthy eating and learning labs for their students. Thats why weve set a goal of doubling doubling the number of schools that participate in the HealthierUS Schools Challenge by June of 2011. And we want to add an additional one thousand schools in each of the following two years as well. In order to reach that goal, were making it easier for schools to apply by moving our application online, and letting districts apply for all their schools with just one application. Were making it easier for them to succeed by providing better technical assistance and by connecting them with professional chefs through our Chefs Move to Schools program. Already, nearly 1,800 professional chefs have signed up to give nearly 1,300 schools the expert advice they need to meet this challenge. And when schools do succeed, were making that victory just a little bit sweeter, with new cash rewards. And Ill be inviting representatives from each award-winning school to a reception in their honor at the White House. Finally, were working to increase participation in our school lunch program by two million eligible children, and to get another three million kids signed up to start receiving school breakfasts by 2015. Because I think we can all agree that no child in America should be starting school hungry each day. No child should be going without the basic nutrition they need to learn, grow and succeed, in school and in life. But I want to be clear: we cant do any of this unless we pass the Child Nutrition legislation thats before Congress right now. This bi-partisan legislation supports critically-needed investments to help millions of children get the nourishment they need to be healthy. The Senate has already acted. And I hope that the House of Representatives will do the same by the end of the month so that we can get it signed into law. But of course, we all know that healthy eating is only half the battle. Experts recommend that children get at least 60 minutes a day of activity. But we know that many of our kids arent even coming close. Thats why another key component of Lets Move! is to get our kids moving, to find new ways for them to get and stay active and fit. One of the key benchmarks were working to meet is to double the number of children winning the Presidents Active Lifestyle Award. To earn this award, students need to engage in physical activity five days a week, for six weeks. And the idea is for this to become habit-forming. We want to show them how good it feels to be active, so that theyll stick with it long after those six weeks are over. Well be working with afterschool programs and with athletes like Drew Brees and Dominique Dawes to promote this program. And to show everyone how much fun it can be, in the coming weeks, Ill be working to earn an Active Lifestyle Award myself. And I want kids all across the country to join me. Ill be recording my progress online, so if I start falling behind, I hope youll all send me some emails to shame me into getting back on track! So thats some of what were doing to support your work in our schools. And I hope that in the coming months and years, all of you, and schools all across the country will become even more involved in Lets Move!. I hope that more schools will get their kids working toward those Active Lifestyle Awards. Even if you sign up just one class, or just one club, if those kids enjoy it, theyll tell their friends, and soon others will want to join in. I also hope that more school districts will set a goal for themselves of having a certain number of their schools become HealthierUS Schools each year. And I hope that schools will work to help get each other involved as well. Theres no limit on the number of schools that can become HealthierUS Schools. Theres no limit on the number of kids who can get an Active Lifestyle Award. Were all in this together, and everyone can win. So if your school has already met the HealthierUS Schools Challenge, then I hope youll reach out to other schools and help them meet it as well. If youve found an exciting new activity for gym class or a way to get kids to try new foods in the lunchroom, dont keep that a secret share it with other schools, so that their students can benefit too. Thats what were trying to do with our website, Letsmove. gov, where weve posted all kinds of tips, recipes, and information that we wanted to share with folks across this country. In the end, these are the efforts that will make the difference in our kids lives. And all of you are the folks who will determine whether we can solve this problem once and for all. Our First Lady has taken a proactive stance to combat obesity through our schools and has provided incentives and resources to ensure that this epidemic is brought under control. I believe these facts are supportive of the U. S. school programs being present to prevent obesity in our children. These facts show that steps are being taken, however much more awareness to parents and children must be provided given the Nation’s childhood obesity rate. Our schools have been targeted by our government to address our youth we have taken small steps as a nation to address this problem. The evidence shows that programs are being put in place to assist and support the education of children and parents. In conclusion the condition of obesity in our nation is at an all-time high. Our children within the U. S. have a 95% attendance rate to schools. Given that this institution of education is the focal point to which we are able to educate and inform on a mass level it will provide the grounds to combat this epidemic of obesity. Schools can and will be provided the resources necessary to educate and inform both student and parent about the preventive measures to obesity.

The Lies Told By People Everyday

The Lies Told By People Everyday Tad William once said We tell lies when we are afraid afraid of what we dont know, afraid of what others will think, afraid of what will be found out about us. But every time we tell a lie, the thing that we fear grows stronger. In relationships and marriages, dishonesty is a love buster. But sometimes honesty is worse, like the article dishonesty it says: When a wife first learns that her husband has been unfaithful, the pain is often so great that she wishes she had been left ignorant. When a husband discovers his wifes affair, its like a knife in his heart and he wonders if it would have better not known. In fact, many marriage counselors advise clients to avoid telling spouses about past infidelity, saying that its too painful for people to handle. Besides, if its over and done with, why dredge up the sewage of the past? (Harley, 1976) They look at it as just a mistake and want to be forgiven. People are dishonest because they believe that the others cant handle the truth, which for most cases its true because the truth most of the time is bitter. But i think that no matter how hard the truth is you should just be straight up and honest. Mark Twain once said If you tell the truth you dont have to remember anything. Just like Dishonesty article says: Its this sort of confusion that leads some of the most well-intentioned husbands and wives to lie to each other, or at least give each other false impressions. They feel that dishonesty will help them protect each others feelings. But what kind of a relationship is that? The lie is a wall that comes between the two partners, something hidden, a secret that cannot be mentioned, yet is right under the surface of every conversation. (Harley, 1976) If you think about it youre going to have to take a lie and keep adding on to it more and more and you cant even remember what you said in the beginning so even though telling the truth is difficult its the easiest. With a lie youre always going to get caught up. Just like karma- what goes around comes around. And depending on the lie you can be holding all this unnecessary weight on your shoulders and be stressing about it. A Russian proverb states With lies you may get ahead in the world but you can never go back. Just like the article Dishonesty states: Dishonesty strangles compatibility. To create and sustain compatibility, you must lay your cards on the table. You must be honest about your thoughts, feelings, habits, likes, dislikes, personal history, daily activities and plans for the future. When misinformation is part of the mix, you have little hope of making successful adjustments to each other. Dishonesty not only makes solutions hard to find, but it often leaves couples ignorant of the problems themselves. (Harley, 1976) So along with lying not only would you be feeling guilty and stress, you may even regret what you have lied about which makes it even more difficult to confess what you have lied about. A lie can take care of the present and solve what you are going through momentarily, but it does not have a good future. Bill Copeland once said: When you stretch the truth, watch out for the snapback. Once you have become a liar, people cannot believe you no matter how hard you try. They will immediately develop an instinct to question the words that are coming out of your mouth. For instance, we have all heard of the tale The boy who cried wolf. The little boy would entertain himself by tricking villagers that a wolf is attacking his flock of sheep. When they came to help him, they found out that it was a false alarm and he just wasted their time. They thought he was just a little boy that was playing around. However, when the boy was actually confronted by the wolf and cried wolf, none of the villagers believed him. In other words, the moral of the story was even when liars tell the truth, they are never believed. Some people even lie because they feel desperate, like they steal because they are desperate and in need of money. They do not know where to turn to so they see this as their only way of getting away. Also another example is academic dishonesty. Some students feel really desperate to cheat or plagiarize because they want to pass or earn a decent grade. Other People basically lie sometimes just so they can get straight to what they want, like in the movie sisters keeper, the girl who had Leukemia told her 11 year old sister to lie to her mom saying that she didnt want to donate her kidney to her, but really it was because the girl with the Leukemia didnt want everyone to suffer with her. So it was a lie because the daughter didnt want to hurt her mother. Kids start learning to lie from their parents, especially when the kid is afraid of the parent. On Feb 10 2008, Po Bronson wrote an article in the New York Magazine it was a study that A doctor in a University made, this is what the article said: For a study to assess the extent of teenage dissembling, Dr. Nancy Darling, then at Penn State University, recruited a special research team of a dozen undergraduate students, all under the age of 21. Using gift certificates for free CDs as bait, Darlings Mod Squad persuaded high-school students to spend a few hours with them in the local pizzeria. Each student was handed a deck of 36 cards, and each card in this deck listed a topic teens sometimes lie about to their parents. Over a slice and a Coke, the teen and two researchers worked through the deck, learning what things the kid was lying to his parents about, and why. They began the interviews saying that parents give you everything and yes, you should tell them everything, Darling observes. By the end of the interview, the kids saw for the first time how much they were lying and how many of the familys rules they had broken. Darling says 98 percent of the teens reported lying to their parents. Out of the 36 topics, the average teen was lying to his parents about twelve of them. The teens lied about what they spent their allowances on, and whether theyd started dating, and what clothes they put on away from the house. They lied about what movie they went to, and whom they went with. They lied about alcohol and drug use, and they lied about whether they were hanging out with friends their parents disapproved of. They lied about how they spent their afternoons while their parents were at work. They lied about whether chaperones were in attendance at a party or whether they rode in cars driven by drunken teens. Most parents hear their child lie and assume hes too young to understand what lies are or that lyings wrong. They presume their child will stop when he gets older and learns those distinctions. Talwar has found the opposite to be true-kids who grasp early the nuances between lies and truth use this knowledge to their advantage, making them more prone to lie when given the chance. Although we think of truthfulness as a young childs paramount virtue, it turns out that lying is the more advanced skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth, intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying demands both advanced cognitive development and social skills that honesty simply doesnt require. Its a developmental milestone, Talwar has concluded. (Bronson, 2008) Basically kids learn how to lie from fear. One lie that we will never stop having is, lying to ourselves. Lying to yourself maybe to build some confidence, or even maybe to understand something. The article The Human Thing to Do: Lying to Yourself by Vanessa Gilbert says: As humans, we perform a lot of acts we wish we had never done, and we spend a lot of our time on earth regretting what has already been done, something we cant change. Whether it was that bad breakup, or smoking for twenty years, or even wishing we would have gone out and exercised on those Sunday mornings, we all worry about them and we all lie to ourselves to pretend that it wasnt our fault, and that we couldnt have prevented it anymore than what we did. In fact, it seems we lie to ourselves so much we cant piece the truth apart from the false things we have told ourselves for months on end. If there is one fact I have learned in my thirteen years of life, it is that everything in this world is corrupt in one way or another. That certain aspect, religion, club, organization, or mindset didnt even start out pure because it was most likely made by humans, who are dirty, selfish, and continually seeking the solace they find in having a solution for everything. I guess you could say that lying to yourself has always been something we have done. You cant blame this one on popular culture, teenagers, or the failing economy. Humans have lived this way for thousands and thousands of years, and weve made it this far thinking the same exact way. Is it okay to be delusional and far from the truth? Is it worth knowing the truth just because it is the truth? Furthermore, would we be better off if we were up front with each other and ourselves? It may hurt to face the truth in the beginning, but in the long run, you are guaranteed to be happy. You will be happy with yourself, with the people you love, and with the cold, hard truth, and nothing else. In the process of opening your eyes, you see a lot more than just whats around you. You see what you missed, what is real, and what is to look forward to. Not everything that is true is harsh. If we do not come to realize what is real, we will continue to be let down, and we will always make the same mistakes. All our energy will all be put into something that is not helping us any. We will neither advance nor go backward. Instead of staying stagnate, why not move forward? (Gilbert, 2009) In conclusion, dishonesty isnt the best thing, and also sometimes it isnt the worse thing. Society is filled with liars and dishonest people. But there are also people that had only told a few lies. Baltasar Gracian once said A single lie destroys a whole reputation for integrity. A single lie might just ruin ones whole life. So one must watch out and think before talking or doing, so no one can get into lies. Resources: Harley, Dr. Dishonesty. Marriage Builders  ® Successful Marriage Advice. 1 Jan. 1976. Web. 30 July 2010. . Bronson, Po. Are Kids Copying Their Parents When They Lie? New York Magazine. New York Magazine NYC Guide to Restaurants, Fashion, Nightlife, Shopping, Politics, Movies. 10 Feb. 2008. Web. 31 July 2010. . Gilbert, Vanessa. The Human Thing to Do: Lying to Yourself DivineCaroline. DivineCaroline: Relationships, Health, Home, Style, Parenting, and Community for Women DivineCaroline. 07 June 2009. Web. 30 July 2010. .

OLAP, Data Marts and Warehouses, Three-Tier Architecture and ASP :: essays research papers

WEEK 4 INDIVIDUAL PAPER OLAP, DATA MARTS AND WAREHOUSES, THREE-TIER ARCHITECTURE AND ASP DBM405 OLAP, Data Marts and Warehouses, Three-Tier Architecture and ASP OLAP The term OLAP stands for ‘On-Line Analytical Processing’. OLAP is a technology used to process data a high performance level for analysis and shared in a multidimensional cube of information. The key thing that all OLAP products have in common is multidimensionality, but that is not the only requirement for an OLAP product. An OLAP application is targeted to deliver most responses to users within about five seconds, with the simplest analyses taking no more than one second and very few taking more than 20 seconds. Impatient users often assume that a process has failed if results are not received with 30 seconds, and they are apt to implement the ‘3 finger salute’ or ‘Alt+Ctrl+Delete’ unless the system warns them that the report will take longer. Even if they have been warned that it will take significantly longer, users are likely to get distracted and lose their chain of thought, so the quality of analysis suffers. This speed is not easy to achieve with large amounts of data, particularly if on-the-fly and ad hoc calculations are required. A wide variety of techniques are used to achieve this goal, including specialized forms of data storage, extensive pre-calculations and specific hardware requirements, but a lot of products are yet fully optimized, so we expect this to be an area of developing technology. In particular, the SAP Business Warehouse is a full pre-calculation approach that fails as the databases simply get too. Likewise, doing everything on-the-fly is much too slow with large databases, even if the most expensive server is used. Slow query response is consistently the most often-cited technical problem with OLAP products. OLAP is used for mainly for analysis. This means that the system copes with any business logic and statistical analysis that is relevant for the application and the user, and keep it easy enough for the target user. This analysis is done in the application’s own engine or in a linked external product such as a spreadsheet. All the required analysis functionality can be provided in an intuitive manner for the target users. This could include specific features like time series analysis, cost allocations, currency translation, goal seeking, ad hoc multidimensional structural changes, non-procedural modeling, exception alerting, data mining and other application dependent features. The OLAP system implements all the security requirements for confidentiality.

Cortes Conquers the Aztecs: Spanish Conquest or Indian Civil War Essay

The Spanish conquests of Montezuma and the Aztecs were both a Spanish conquest as well as an Indian civil war. The thing that ties them both together is the Conquistador Hernan Cortes. You could argue for both sides as to which played a more significant part in the fall of the Aztecs, however, I feel they both played an equal role in the defeat of the Aztecs and the fall of Tenochititlan to the Spaniards. When Cortes first came to Mexico, he did not know the language spoken by the Indian tribes. He was fortunate enough to have two interpreters; Aguilar, a shipwrecked Spaniard who had learned the Maya language, and Malinche. Malinche was a young maiden â€Å"given† to Cortes as an offering. Between her and Aguilar, Cortes was able to become familiar with the way the Aztecs lived, thought, and fought. He used this tactic to aid in expedition and to guard against any attacks. By far, one of the biggest downfalls of Montezuma and the Aztecs was the role of the God Quetzalcoatl. The majority of the Aztecs’ lives and beliefs was centered on their Gods. One of their biggest beliefs was of the God Quetzalcoatl, the feathered serpent. Montezuma believed that Cortes was the human version of Quetzalcoatl. The legend of Quetzalcoatl depicted a bearded, white God who looked similar to Cortes. Quetzalcoatl was prominent during the Toltec rule and had supposedly left the valley because he was unhappy with the way things were. The Aztecs believed he was expected to return and bring back good times and good fortune. Cortes took advantage of their beliefs and immersed himself into the Aztecs lives. Against the advice of his royal family, Montezuma welcomed Cortes and the Spaniards with open arms. They wanted Montezuma to kill the foreigners. The Aztecs tried giving the Spaniards gold and other riches to get them to leave their city. This only fueled their desire and ambitions for more, and they refused to leave. The more they gave, the more the Spaniards wanted. Cortes made Montezuma a prisoner of his own city, which led to an uprising by the Aztecs known as â€Å"La Noche Triste†, or The Sad Night. Many lives were lost on both sides. Many other factors contributed to Cortes’ victory over the Aztecs. His soldiers had far more superior weapons and they had horses. The Aztecs were very afraid of the horses because they had never seen anything like them before. Disease also played a huge part in the defeat of the Aztecs. The Spanish brought ailments that the Aztecs had no immunities for. Three-fourths died from either violence or diseases such as small-pox and the measles in just the first century of the conquests. The Aztecs’ tactics of war were quite different from those of the Spaniards, and this was also a point in the Spaniards’ favor. The Spaniards fought to kill. The Aztecs did not. The Aztecs fought to capture and get prisoners so they could later use them as human sacrifices to their Gods. In fact, Cortes himself was captured several times but was re-captured by his men and rescued. The most important factor by far in the defeat of the Aztecs by Cortes, according to some historians, is the help he received from the other suppressed Indian tribes in the area. This is why I believe one could view this as not only a Spanish conquest, but also as an Indian civil war. These other Indian tribes chose to help Cortes fight because they felt they would benefit greatly from the defeat of the Aztecs. They were tired of living under the Aztecs’ rule and saw Cortes as a type of hero, or liberator. They were more than happy to help wage a war against the Aztecs if it meant they could have better lives. After many deaths on both sides, The Aztec capitol fell in August of 1521. After capturing Tenochititlan, the Spaniards destroyed the city and on top of it built was is now present day Mexico City. I believe the preceding statements support my argument that the most important factors in the demise of Montezuma and the Aztecs were from the equal combination of having to deal with a Spanish conquest and an Indian civil war. Sources: Vigil, James Diego From Indians to Chicano Internet site, Then Again Info World History Chronology Project; www.thenagaininfo Matthew, Roy T. and F. DeWitt Platt Western Humanities Sullivan, Richard E., Dennis Sherman and John B. Harrison A Short history of Western Civilization Wood, Michael A Legacy- The Search for Ancient Cultures

Essay on Possibilities of Life

Essay on Possibilities of Life Essay on Possibilities of Life Possibilities of life George Orwell is the author, he was born in1903-1950 h was born in India. and was most famous for his writing that focused on the appalling possibilities of life in a totalitarian state with that in mind this poem is mainly about a loose full groan elephant that is in the town of moulmein disrupting the towns people. Leading to a problem for the soldiers to whether shoot down the elephant to prove a point that thy are more powerful than just some random elephant that disturbed the people or do they just escort the elephant and take it back were it belongs but be seen as weak and showing that in away the elephant can control them rather than soldiers being able to take a hold of the situation and handle it with some sort of higher power. The authors choice of words is my first point and to mehis decision in words are a very big deal duetothat it reflects on what he thinks and how he feels about whats going on which can show alot about how the author thinks informing the readers with more than just information.My second point is how the writters attitude is towards the subject. And to me he really truly dosnt want to kill the elephant and would rather just do away with it and get on with it. but instead he does what people suspect just because if things aren’t done a certain way things will get out of hand and will cause a even bigger problem than what there was in the beginning and thats the last thing he wants to do of corse. So over all he proves

A Dozen Nonnumerical Words for Quantities

A Dozen Nonnumerical Words for Quantities A Dozen Nonnumerical Words for Quantities A Dozen Nonnumerical Words for Quantities By Mark Nichol The English language has, well, a number of words that denote specific or approximate quantities that are themselves not numbers. This post lists and defines a dozen of those words. 1. brace: two, in reference to identical objects 2. century: primarily denotes 100 years, but occasionally used, especially in the context of competitive racing, to refer to something consisting of 100, as in a 100-mile race 3. couple: two, though loosely refers to a few of something 4. decade: primarily denotes 10 years, but occasionally refers to ten of something 5. dozen: twelve (a half dozen, or half a dozen, is six, and a baker’s dozen is thirteen, from the notion that a baker would include an extra item in a batch of twelve so as not to be accused of short-changing a customer) 6. duo: two, in reference to people engaged in an endeavor together, as in musical performance (other words denote three or more people in the same context: trio, quartet, etc.) 7. grand: slang for â€Å"1,000† 8. gross: 144, or twelve dozen 9. large: slang for â€Å"1,000† 10. myriad: originally, ten thousand, but now loosely refers to a very large quantity 11. pair: two, often in reference to identical objects 12. score: twenty Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. ProgrammeAmong vs. Amongst20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

Free Essays on Elviss Influences

Elvis’s Influences Elvis has meant many things to many people all over the world. He was gone from Rock’n’Roll to Hollywood Heartthrob, back to Las Vegas megastar. But if you look carefully Elvis was nothing than a mere boy raised in the south that was taught to love his mama and Jesus. These are the basic things that made him a great rock and roll legend. Elvis changed the face of rock and roll forever with his dance moves, sexuality, style of clothes, long hair, and different style of music that was no accepted by all Americans. Also his used of black music and black style made a lasting impression in history (Pratt 377). Elvis introduced many different styles to the music world during the 1950s. The black population influenced many of these. Elvis did t sound fully white, were fore many radio stations we cautious of playing his music due to the â€Å"black-white rigidities of a segregated society† (Pratt 376). He used different types of black music to make his own. He was â€Å"the only artist to have the same record at number one on the pop, country, and rhythm and blues charts† (Schmidt 339). Many black Southerners resented this and all the success that he gained by it because he was using music that had originated by black but was unable to be sold on the market due to the â€Å"segregated commercial world† (Pratt 377). Although some black musicians resent him, some pay tribute to him like B. B. King and James Brown. They believe that through his use of black music it opened up many opportunities for them (Rosenbaum 388). Fusing black music with white country music to make a new kind of music was the thought be his â€Å"best known aspect of his career and his greatest accomplishment† according to Pratt (337). From his gyrating hips to his shaking body, Elvis’s must stunning quality was his sexuality. He was banned form performing and was shunned by mothers and fathers but he was adored by all his young fans that... Free Essays on Elvis's Influences Free Essays on Elvis's Influences Elvis’s Influences Elvis has meant many things to many people all over the world. He was gone from Rock’n’Roll to Hollywood Heartthrob, back to Las Vegas megastar. But if you look carefully Elvis was nothing than a mere boy raised in the south that was taught to love his mama and Jesus. These are the basic things that made him a great rock and roll legend. Elvis changed the face of rock and roll forever with his dance moves, sexuality, style of clothes, long hair, and different style of music that was no accepted by all Americans. Also his used of black music and black style made a lasting impression in history (Pratt 377). Elvis introduced many different styles to the music world during the 1950s. The black population influenced many of these. Elvis did t sound fully white, were fore many radio stations we cautious of playing his music due to the â€Å"black-white rigidities of a segregated society† (Pratt 376). He used different types of black music to make his own. He was â€Å"the only artist to have the same record at number one on the pop, country, and rhythm and blues charts† (Schmidt 339). Many black Southerners resented this and all the success that he gained by it because he was using music that had originated by black but was unable to be sold on the market due to the â€Å"segregated commercial world† (Pratt 377). Although some black musicians resent him, some pay tribute to him like B. B. King and James Brown. They believe that through his use of black music it opened up many opportunities for them (Rosenbaum 388). Fusing black music with white country music to make a new kind of music was the thought be his â€Å"best known aspect of his career and his greatest accomplishment† according to Pratt (337). From his gyrating hips to his shaking body, Elvis’s must stunning quality was his sexuality. He was banned form performing and was shunned by mothers and fathers but he was adored by all his young fans that...

Economic Development of Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economic Development of Brazil - Essay Example The transfer of technology is essential for faster growth and it will also enable them to compete at an international level which will also stimulate growth. Social divisions are also inhibiting growth. Child labor is a huge problem with as many as seven million children in the workforce. As far as education, the rate of adult literacy stands at eighty-five percent. Discrimination is also a problem. The majority of Brazil's population is black, second only to Nigeria. Despite the fact the discrimination is a crime, it isn't enforced. Still, some progress has been made. The government's lack of equal social spending is the foremost factor in Brazil's inability to rise above inequality and poverty. Inequality and the distribution of land are considered the primary reasons for extreme poverty in the country. Although the Brazilian government implemented a program for land reform, the results have been modest at best. The inequality in the distribution of land is mainly due to the political influence of large plantation owners. The land that is available to farmers is often unsuitable to farmers do due to environmental conflicts. There has, however, been some progress economically and socially. Brazil is at the forefront of agricultural research and they have expanded their exportation of crops. They have experienced growth in the software industry.

Plastic Pollution in oceans (marine Life) due to human activity Term Paper

Plastic Pollution in oceans (marine Life) due to human activity. Research - Term Paper Example The pollution caused due to plastic is increasing at a very fast pace and that is because the demand for products produced through plastic is increasing day by day. According to Andrady 80 million tons of plastic and plastic waste is found in the marine regions throughout the globe (Andrady 1). There are various causes as well as harmful effects of plastic pollution in marine life, but at the same time several steps can be taken to solve the issue of oceanic regions being polluted due to plastic. There are various causes due to which plastic pollution in oceans is experienced. One of these causes is that plastic enters the oceans and water in an indirect manner. There are many ways through which plastic can enter the water in an indirect manner. One of the most common ways is that plastic based garbage is left on the coastal areas by those individuals who are recognized as beachgoers. The problem is that water reaches the coastal areas and absorbs the plastic waste and travels back into the sea area along with plastic products. Another method through which plastic waste reaches the oceans is recognized as land runoff. This event takes place when huge amount of rain water moves plastic waste from the land area to the sea area. A third method through which plastic debris reaches the ocean is through the route of sewage. This means that plastic waste travels to the oceans when that waste is dumped in sewage and rivers which carries the waste to the sea. A fourth method through which plastic waste reaches oceans is through the heavy winds that blow plastic debris from land area to oceans (Andrady 1). According to Andrady, around 80% of the plastic waste or debris that is found in the oceans is caused due to the plastic waste that enters the oceans through indirect means such as littering of the coastal regions by those who are beachgoers (Andrady 1). Other than indirect transfer of plastic

Buddha teachings..... anything you want that is relavent Essay

Buddha teachings..... anything you want that is relavent - Essay Example These are ‘suffering of suffering’, suffering of change and persuasive. Firstly, ‘suffering of suffering’ is ordinary suffering that result from pain and associated by lower realms of existence such as in the human world. Secondly, suffering of change on the other hand encompasses sadness that results from loss of a happy condition, or that that arises when unhappy condition develops. Lastly, persuasive suffering refers to the internal frustrations. This suffering causes unrest and therefore an individual cannot enjoy any pleasant situations. Every living thing in the universe has desires that it would wish to be quenched. These desires for and attachments to worldly things if not accomplished lead to suffering. Therefore, the entire existence is surrounded by suffering that leads to pain. This is not just the pain of life but rather the uncertainty that exists at the center of the common universe, which arises from a person's intention to keep his life and achieving the true enlightenment. Gods are inclined to be proud and are considered to have a higher status in existence because they have very long life times which seem eternal i.e. they generally occupy the highest realms of existence. ... t origination" All things in the universe arise, abide and cease to exist through numerous causes that exist with the infinite web or interconnection in the universe. As consequence, the chain of interdependence stipulates that everything in the universe is interconnected and interacts with or affects other things in the universe. This chain can also take a perspective that objects have a context for which they are inseparable, or everything that exists is because of other causes or conditions in the universe. In this chain, nothing is absolute because all effects produced in the universe were caused by other effects, and they themselves cause other effects. This is mainly the principle behind the law of cause and effect. For example, for a table to exist seed of a tree must have grown somewhere, sunlight, water and carbon dioxide must have been used in growth of the tree. People had to exist who are a result of people having sex, saw mill and machines had to be designed to convert t he logs to timber etc. This is chain is infinite because each event that contributes to the final product is part of another infinite chain. In addition, the making of the table was as result of another cause and effect The chain of interdependent origination has twelve links or nidanas that explain how a chain of causes leads to other causes. These links are circular in nature as described in the Buddhist wheel of life. The Buddhist wheel of life provides an illustration of the Buddhist teaching. These links are: ignorance which is form of spiritual blindness or the lack of understanding in the teaching of Buddha; volitional formation or karma formation dictates the formation of action, thought process and speech which are essential in determining an individual’s fate; consciousness

Maritime Transportation Security Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime Transportation Security Act - Essay Example While the attacks focused attention on our aviation system's vulnerability, it became obvious that our maritime domain needed greater attention. Besides being gateways through which dangerous materials could enter, ports are attractive targets because they are often large and sprawling, accessible by water and land, close to crowded centers, and interwoven with highways, roads, factories, and businesses (Flynn, 2004). Security is made difficult by the number of stakeholders involved in port operations, which include local, state, and federal agencies; multiple law enforcement jurisdictions; transportation and trade companies; factories and other businesses. The MTSA imposed an ambitious schedule of requirements on federal agencies and called for a comprehensive framework that included planning, personnel security, and careful monitoring of vessels, facilities, and cargo. Table 1 contains the MTSA's key security-related activities. However, "Haste makes waste", and the urgent nature of the legislative and implementation efforts of the MTSA 2002 proved this to be true (Bouchard, 2005; Ervin, 2006; Haveman et al., 2007). The MTSA 2002, through the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), gave the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) lead responsibility for most of its requirements. Timetables for implementing the provisions were tight, and adding difficulty was the need to implement MTSA after the most extensive federal reorganization after the Second World War. Most of the 22 agencies with MTSA responsibilities were reorganized into the DHS in March 2003, less than 5 months after enactment. Some departments such as the Transportation Security Agency (TSA) were new, while others such as the USCG, Customs Service, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service were transferred from various executive departments. This recombination of organizational cultures and the need to coordinate with other agencies such as the State, Transportation, and Justice Departments introduced complex chains of command and reporting responsibilities (MTSA,2002; DHS, 2005; USCG, 2007). The deadline for implementing MTSA of July 1, 2004 was tight. Unlike other areas of critical infrastructure security where the government was unwilling to set clear mandates for the private sector and push for meaningful change, the MTSA was a catalyst for action. Unfortunately, in the face of unrealistic deadlines and disjointed implementation milestones, good intentions were not necessarily translated into greater security at the pier. And to add insult to injury, the USCG not only proved incapable of managing the projects designed to improve its capability but became open to graft and corruption and overspending (Economist 2007, p. 36). The priorities

Knowledge Management and Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge Management and Innovation - Essay Example 855). This piece of research work critically examines the knowledge sharing theoretical models developed by Nonaka and Takeuchi to elucidate how this model has been implemented in a typical industry to apply KM to the innovation of a product. This paper compares and contrasts knowledge transfer models based on relevant literatures and empirical evidences. Knowledge Management and Innovation In the contemporary business contexts where markets, products, competition, technology, laws and consumers are rapidly changing, continuous innovation and effective practice of KM to support innovation has become a major source of competitive advantage (Aramburu, Saenz and Rivera, 2006, p. 157). Nonaka and Takeuchi (2005, p. 1-5), both are widely renowned as KM gurus, argued that Japanese companies remained as enigma for most Western business experts and they gave a new explanation of what made Japanese companies highly successful. ... ased on this explanation, the three major components of KM are creating the knowledge, sharing it and using the created or shared knowledge for organizational purposes. Some literatures have considered more components such as knowledge identification, knowledge collection, knowledge organizing, knowledge dissemination, knowledge evaluation and knowledge adoption or implementation (Mehrabani and Shajari, 2012, p. 166). Forster (2005) described that knowledge management is a generic term that includes certain process by which employees’ experience, knowledge, skills etc are gathered, shared and utilized and then converted to a system of collective organizational learning so as to improve organizational performance. Nonaka and Takeuchi perceived knowledge as a profound instrument that has effectually increased organization’s capability to implement right action from the evidences of Japanese companies. Knowledge has been categorized in to two; tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is one that is embedded in a person through the forms of experience, knowledge, skill, talent, wisdom etc and this can be attained from imitation and practice. Explicit knowledge is information stored in documents or database (Lee, Leong, Hew and Ooi, 2013, p. 850). Literatures in the field of KM have clearly illustrated the profound impact of knowledge management on innovation. Most firms in contemporary business contexts find innovation as their grand strategy due to that consumers expect regular changes and advances in products (Pearce and Robinson, 2004, p. 207). Innovation is not merely an idea, but rather, it is the conversion of idea in to business functionality by establishing the idea in to reality (Endsley, 2010, p. 1). Many literatures including Boghani (2007), Lee et al

Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Networking - Essay Example Not everyone in this kind of social community would be a good member and follow the ethical rules of the online community. And as the interaction is not physical in nature but virtual, people start making negative use of this fact and break the moral and ethical values and boundaries of the social networking community and society as a general. Brief Definition and Description of Social Networking Social interaction taking place over the internet is called social networking and the platforms that support this activity are the social networking websites. These websites’ main purpose is to create an online community consisting of internet users who are free from the issues of distance, time and cultural differences and interact with each other and share all kinds of information from personal experiences to general opinions. Through these websites, users usually establish an online connection with known persons like their family members, friends, office colleagues and many more. B ut they may also get connected to unknown persons who may be different from them in terms of race, religion, nationality and the like but became friends due to common interest. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 304). Currently there are many websites catering the purpose of social networking. One such website is called Facebook.com and it is the website which has been ranked first as the total minutes per month spent by users on this website exceeds 14 billion. There are other popular websites also such as: MySpace.com, LinkedIn.com and Twitter, each one catering the interests of users in their own particular ways. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 305). General Ethical Issues Social networking gives rise to the following ethical issues: 1. Cyberbullying: Social networking websites allow cyberbullying to occur in the easiest manner. This kind of activity is usually done by females who are students in their mid- teens. Cyberbullying is an harassment in which a person or a group mentally tortures other persons o r groups, and humiliates them or threatens them by putting online any private or embarrassing or threatening information that may harm them. Statistics show that the major negative effect of cyberbullying is that the victim may commit suicide as it may give him severe mental torture. 2. Cyberstalking: This activity is the adult version of cyberbullying in which similar activities of sending threatening emails, stalking each others information and then misusing it online. Research reveals that there are 50 to 500 requests per day for help from victims of cyberstalking. 3. Uploading of Inappropriate Material: Videos and images that depict violence or vulgarity are not permitted by many social networking websites through their policies. The terms and policies of the website also state that any user violating the policies and terms would get his account deleted or deactivated by the website owner. But still these policies are not enough to stop people from uploading such content as webs ites do not have enough resources to monitor the millions of activities of millions of users. Uploading of such content harm the persons who are subject of the content. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 310-313). Business and Social Networking Apart from social interaction and playing games, social networking is also one of the cheapest ways to advertise oneself and his business and all the services and products it offers at a very low cost or totally free. When companies saw the widespread use of social networking websites, it attracted them and they thought of improving their productivity and communication among workers through the use of social net

Maritime Transportation Security Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maritime Transportation Security Act - Essay Example While the attacks focused attention on our aviation system's vulnerability, it became obvious that our maritime domain needed greater attention. Besides being gateways through which dangerous materials could enter, ports are attractive targets because they are often large and sprawling, accessible by water and land, close to crowded centers, and interwoven with highways, roads, factories, and businesses (Flynn, 2004). Security is made difficult by the number of stakeholders involved in port operations, which include local, state, and federal agencies; multiple law enforcement jurisdictions; transportation and trade companies; factories and other businesses. The MTSA imposed an ambitious schedule of requirements on federal agencies and called for a comprehensive framework that included planning, personnel security, and careful monitoring of vessels, facilities, and cargo. Table 1 contains the MTSA's key security-related activities. However, "Haste makes waste", and the urgent nature of the legislative and implementation efforts of the MTSA 2002 proved this to be true (Bouchard, 2005; Ervin, 2006; Haveman et al., 2007). The MTSA 2002, through the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), gave the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) lead responsibility for most of its requirements. Timetables for implementing the provisions were tight, and adding difficulty was the need to implement MTSA after the most extensive federal reorganization after the Second World War. Most of the 22 agencies with MTSA responsibilities were reorganized into the DHS in March 2003, less than 5 months after enactment. Some departments such as the Transportation Security Agency (TSA) were new, while others such as the USCG, Customs Service, and the Immigration and Naturalization Service were transferred from various executive departments. This recombination of organizational cultures and the need to coordinate with other agencies such as the State, Transportation, and Justice Departments introduced complex chains of command and reporting responsibilities (MTSA,2002; DHS, 2005; USCG, 2007). The deadline for implementing MTSA of July 1, 2004 was tight. Unlike other areas of critical infrastructure security where the government was unwilling to set clear mandates for the private sector and push for meaningful change, the MTSA was a catalyst for action. Unfortunately, in the face of unrealistic deadlines and disjointed implementation milestones, good intentions were not necessarily translated into greater security at the pier. And to add insult to injury, the USCG not only proved incapable of managing the projects designed to improve its capability but became open to graft and corruption and overspending (Economist 2007, p. 36). The priorities

Social Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Networking - Essay Example Not everyone in this kind of social community would be a good member and follow the ethical rules of the online community. And as the interaction is not physical in nature but virtual, people start making negative use of this fact and break the moral and ethical values and boundaries of the social networking community and society as a general. Brief Definition and Description of Social Networking Social interaction taking place over the internet is called social networking and the platforms that support this activity are the social networking websites. These websites’ main purpose is to create an online community consisting of internet users who are free from the issues of distance, time and cultural differences and interact with each other and share all kinds of information from personal experiences to general opinions. Through these websites, users usually establish an online connection with known persons like their family members, friends, office colleagues and many more. B ut they may also get connected to unknown persons who may be different from them in terms of race, religion, nationality and the like but became friends due to common interest. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 304). Currently there are many websites catering the purpose of social networking. One such website is called Facebook.com and it is the website which has been ranked first as the total minutes per month spent by users on this website exceeds 14 billion. There are other popular websites also such as: MySpace.com, LinkedIn.com and Twitter, each one catering the interests of users in their own particular ways. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 305). General Ethical Issues Social networking gives rise to the following ethical issues: 1. Cyberbullying: Social networking websites allow cyberbullying to occur in the easiest manner. This kind of activity is usually done by females who are students in their mid- teens. Cyberbullying is an harassment in which a person or a group mentally tortures other persons o r groups, and humiliates them or threatens them by putting online any private or embarrassing or threatening information that may harm them. Statistics show that the major negative effect of cyberbullying is that the victim may commit suicide as it may give him severe mental torture. 2. Cyberstalking: This activity is the adult version of cyberbullying in which similar activities of sending threatening emails, stalking each others information and then misusing it online. Research reveals that there are 50 to 500 requests per day for help from victims of cyberstalking. 3. Uploading of Inappropriate Material: Videos and images that depict violence or vulgarity are not permitted by many social networking websites through their policies. The terms and policies of the website also state that any user violating the policies and terms would get his account deleted or deactivated by the website owner. But still these policies are not enough to stop people from uploading such content as webs ites do not have enough resources to monitor the millions of activities of millions of users. Uploading of such content harm the persons who are subject of the content. (Reynolds, 2009, p. 310-313). Business and Social Networking Apart from social interaction and playing games, social networking is also one of the cheapest ways to advertise oneself and his business and all the services and products it offers at a very low cost or totally free. When companies saw the widespread use of social networking websites, it attracted them and they thought of improving their productivity and communication among workers through the use of social net

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Essay Broadly speaking, in order to maximise profits, different firms use distinct tools to perform strategy and decisions, such as SWOT analysis, PESTEL analysis and marketing mix analysis. In terms of the marketing mix, as an important concept in the subject of business studies, it refers to â€Å"a balance between the four main elements of marketing [is] needed to carry out the marketing strategy. It consists of the ‘4ps’: product, price, promotion and place† (MarcouseÃŒ  and Surridge et al., 2011:141). Firms can build an effective marketing strategy by using the marketing mix as a tool, and it is possible that business will fail if the marketing mix is not correct. The aim of the essay is to analyse elements of the marketing mix. Initially, it will discuss four elements, which are the product, price, place and promotion respectively. Then, it will evaluate the most vital component in the marketing mix, which is the product. The first component of the marketing mix is the product. â€Å"A product is a good or service produced by a business or organization, and made available to the public for consumption† (Ashwin and Merrills et al., 2008). Each product has a different feature, which could be the unique selling points of them. Roams and Cota (2008:152) attempt to define this term is, â€Å"A unique selling point (USP) is a short statement that explains why a customer should buy from you instead of your competitorsin. For example, Apple Corporation has a unique and independent operation system for their iPhone. It has been argued that there are three levels of product, first of which is core or generic product (Levitt, 1986:361). This is the basic and general physical product, in other words, it is the product that has minimum features and the consumer would expect it to have. In a microwave oven example, it should have enough space inside to put food and it would be expected to work effectively. The second level of the product is known as actual or tangible product. This is, touchable and physical property of the product. Young (2008:130) suggests this level of product will contain the product’s name, style, brand name, label, packaging and quality level. This level of product provides a material and a clearer image of the product to customers. The next and last level is called augmented product. Leader and Kyritsis (1990:12) explain this product provides privileges and additional services to the consumer; it also can reflect the differentiation of the product. For instance, services such as free delivery, discounts and additional purchases. The second element of the marketing mix is price. There are two main factors can determine the price of product, which is price elasticity and pricing strategy respectively. Blythe (2012:154) examines the elasticity of demand will illustrate that different categories have different extent of sensitivity when the price changes. Consequently, it could help firms make a better decision when they set the price. Thompson and Machin (2003:65) support that, â€Å"a business must know how responsive their products are to price changes so that they can assess the potential impact of, say, special offers or a price increase†. The next factor is the pricing strategy. Also, it is more imperative than price elasticity when firms make their price decisions. Firms use a serious of pricing strategies, however, the pricing method of cost plus is used most commonly, which is the basic form of all pricing decisions. It refers to a business calculates the average cost and then add a mark-up to the final selling price. Ashwin and Merrills (2008:347) point out another price strategy is called discriminatory pricing; this means a firm set different price for different target groups. As the description from Thompson and Machin (2003:65), discriminatory price refers to â€Å"different price is charged to different group people at different times†. For instance, a cinema charges a different price for students and adults. Besides, it charges different for daytime and evening showings as well. In addition, psychology-pricing strategy is also used quite frequently in supermarkets. For example, Morrison’s sell a bottle of milk  £1.99 rather than  £2, hence customers will perceive the price as being lower. Levitt (1986) argues discriminatory pricing mainly relies on emotional responses from the consumer. The third component in the marketing mix is the place. It concerns the way in which a product is distributed. Stimpson (2005:16) points out â€Å"the ‘place’ decision involves making the product or service available to  consumers in the most appropriate way†. Distribution channel as the most important factor could affect the decision of the place. There are numbers of factors can determine how the product is distributed. Blythe (2012:173) suggests one of them is the marketing aim. The increasing scale raised enterprise intends to expand as wide a distribution as possible. Furthermore, legal restrictions should be regarded as well. Stone (2001) states there are numerous products are not permitted to sell in some places. For instance, it is forbidden to sell the alcohol at the petrol station. In general, direct distribution, retailers, wholesalers and agent are four core channels of distribution. Direct distribution is the producers sell products to customers directly without intermediaries. Blythe (2012:175) explains this, â€Å"direct distribution channels are typical of personal services such as hairdressing†. For retailers, it is an organization that offers goods to customers. Tesco and Wal-Mart, for example. In addition, Koter (2005) describes that, in many market, wholesalers act as a link between producers and consumers. Wholesalers usually buy goods from manufacturers then sell goods to the final consumers or retailers. In contrast, agents do not actually purchase goods; they only help manufacturers to sell. Thompson and Machin (2003:80) claim that, â€Å" agent never actually owns a product, they usually connect buyers and sellers and manage the transfer of the good†. The final element in the marketing mix is promotion. Promotion is not only advertising but also a communication tool between producers and consumers. â€Å"promotion is about communicating with customers and potential customers† (Ashwin and Merrills et al., 2008:331). Promotion is essential for a product because it is able to increase the demand for products. Young (2008) suggests promotion can raise emotion, concern or awareness for products or issues. In addition, promotion can protect and preserve the market share as well. The methods of above the line and below the line are two main types methods of promotion. As for above the line promotion, it refers to a firm uses the advertising media but does not has direct control. The most recognizable  face of advertising is television. Because of it can provide the introduction of product with colorful images. Wolinski and Coates (2008:373) state that, â€Å"television has the advantage of being memorable, as it can present both moving images and sound†. Thompson and Machin (2003:74) examines the below the line promotion includes promotional media over which the firm has control. For example, personal selling, it means a salesman or a sales team who regularly visits consumers in person. Having introduced each element of the marketing mix, the essay will now evaluate the most crucial element in the marketing mix – product. There are two principal reasons for product as the most important element in the marketing mix. First of all, product as the key component makes the entirely process of the link between customers and producers possible. Amount of sales promotion and price reduction will not help an enterprise to achieve their market target if the product is not appropriate and attractable. Stimpson (2005:24) agrees with this view that, â€Å" a balance and integrated mix is essential, but without a product that offers customers real and distinctive benefits, even the best-laid marketing plans can be wasted†. In the mean time, Kazmi (2007), in her work, Marketing Management, suggests that the product or service is the most vital element, without a good product, you have nothing. Furthermore, Adcock and Halborg (2001) sustains that the attention of customers will be attracted if a firm can develop a high quality product, hence, the profits that the firm makes will increase. As a result, the pote ntial for business success is significantly enhanced. The second reason is that products enable to decide a firm’s profits, sales, market share, image, reputation and stature. Additionally, product can also determine the scope and direction of a company’s activity. Product acts a heart in the whole marketing mix. Most of the scholars support that view. Stimpson (2005:24) points out that, â€Å"the product is usually considered to be the most important component of the marketing mix†. Stone (2001) believed that in most case the product itself is the key to a successful marketing mix. However, there will be instances that when other components dominate  the marketing mix. Wolinski and Coates (2008:346) argues that, â€Å" At a festival, only one type of bottled water might be available, so the place is the most important factor†. In contrast, Baker (1991) claims when consumer with limited money might choose the product with the lower price, this is due to consumer has insufficient resources to purchase additi onal products. In this case, price is the most significant component. To recapitulate, the essay has introduced and analysed four elements product, price, place and promotion in the marketing mix. Marketing mix as a tool is able to help firms make efficient business plan and strategy. Each element is playing a very vital role in the marketing mix. Furthermore, the essay has identified the product is the most crucial part since the product is the key component linking between the producers and consumers. It can be concluded that all the elements in the marketing are essential and necessary, while in the most case, product is the most essential component in the marketing mix. An enterprise should coordinate and integrate the four elements so that the firm can build an efficient marketing strategy and achieves more profits as possible. Reference list: Ashwin, A., Merrills, S. and Thompson, R. 2008. Collins biz/ed AS business studies. London: Collins Educational. Baker, M.(1991) Marketing, An Introductory Text, 5th edn. London: Macmillan Education Ltd. Blythe, J. 2012. Essentials of marketing. 5th edn. Harlow: Pearson. Felina C. Young and Cristobal M. Pagoso. 2008. Principles of Marketing 1st edn. Manila: Red Book Store. Kotler, P. 2005. Principles of marketing. 4th edn. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall/FinancialTimes. Leader, W. G. and Kyritsis, N. 1990. Fundamentals of marketing. New edn. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Levitt,T.: 1986. The Marketing Imagination. New York: Free express. MarcouseÃŒ , I., Surridge, M. and Gillespie, A. 2011. Business studies for A level. Abingdon, Oxon [UK]: Hodder Education. Ramos, A. and Cota, S. 2008. Search Engine Marketing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Stimpson, P. 2005. Place. Business Review, 11:4-16 Stimpson, P. 2004. The Product Decision. Business Review, 11:1-24 Stone, P. 2001. Make Marketing Work for you. Oxford: How To Books. Thompson, R. and Machin, D. 2003. AS Business Studies.1st edn. London: Collins Educational Wolinski, J. and Coates, G. 2008. AQA AS business studies. 2nd edn. Deddington, Oxfordshire: Philip Allan Updates. a

Dangers Of Tasers Misuse By Law Enforcement Officers Criminology Essay

Dangers Of Tasers Misuse By Law Enforcement Officers Criminology Essay This paper discusses the dangers and punishment of police officers who have misused the taser. The taser was created to be a less than lethal weapon to help police officers keep a safe distance between themselves and the person they are trying to subdue, and keep serious injury from occurring. However there are several situations where the officers have used this weapon on children, elderly, and handicapped person who did not show aggressive behavior toward them. These weapons were used to punish. The purpose of this paper is to explore the misuse, and address training of the officers to prevent this misuse of the taser. The Dangers of Tasers Misuse by Law Enforcement Officers in the Line of Duty This paper addresses the dangers when a police officer misuses the taser, which is a defense weapon. Tasers were developed as a new alternative to deadly force for law enforcement officers, corrections officers, and jailers to help protect themselves, the suspects, inmates, and civilians. Many law enforcement personnel and suspects have been injured in the past because of the close proximity of the officer and the person they were detaining. Less-than- lethal weapons were developed to help in decreasing injuries. Since less-than-lethal weapons have been introduced as an alternative to deadly force, police officers have discovered that these weapons were not only effective for detaining suspects, but it could be used for getting someones attention, or could be used as a way of getting the person to do as instructed. However, some law enforcement officers use their less-thanlethal weapons on children, the elderly, and the handicapped. There is still a chance of the person being injured if the officer is careless with the use of the non-lethal weapons and the risk of injury can be potently high. The taser is a type of weapon that is similar in appearance to a conventional firearm, because the body has the same shape as a conventional firearm. Instead of firing bullets, the taser fires two electrodes attached to an energy source designed to incapacitate a person. Examples of the misuse by police officers would be using the taser against someone who is non-threatening or who is already handcuffed. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the recommendations set forth by the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) for the law enforcement use of tasers. When do law enforcement officers, correction officers, and jailers misuse their non-lethal weapons (Tasers) on a civilian, prisoner, or suspect without justification for taser use? If the person is not showing a threat to the officer at that time, should the officer be punished? If the answer is yes, do the organizations in which the officers are employed have a disciplinarian plan in place to deal with the officer in question, what options do these organizations have, and are the punishments just and fair not only for the officer, but for the victim as well? Literature Review When law enforcement officers, correction officers, and jailers misuse their non-lethal weapons than an investigation must be done. Cameras can be a solution for the misuse of a taser by a police officer. This would help determine whether an investigation should be considered (Anonymous, 2009; Farrell 2009). MacDonald,Kaminski,andSmith (2009) reported that incidents of use of force by police officers account for less than 2% of the estimated total of police and civilian contacts (official interaction between any person and an officer), the prevalence of injury to civilians and officers in these situations is high (2 out of 8). Police departments in the United States are increasingly providing officers with less-lethal weapons to control suspects who physically resist arrest. Lee,Vittinghoff,Whiteman,Park,Lau,andTseng, (2009) discuss that police officers consider the taser a safer alternative to firearms. Taser deployment was associated with substantial increase in in-custody sudden death in the early deployment period, with no decrease in firearms deaths. Delong and Thompson, (2009) discuss that many police agencies have set up their own rules and procedure regarding the deployment of the non lethal weapons and the circumstances in which the weapons were deployed. The characteristics of the suspects at the time of deployment, and to dismal the difference between the media and the police in the use of the taser on a suspect. Discussion Less-Than-Lethal weapons Some of the less-than- lethal weapons used by today police officers are the oleoresin capsicum spray (pepper spray), conductive energy devices (tasers), and blunt impact devices (night sticks). These alternative devices help the officer from making physical contact with the person and limit the injury fact of the officer and the suspect. The night stick was the first less-than- lethal weapon that police had to subdue a suspect with out resorting to deadly force; however a suspect could be seriously injured by this weapon. The officers were trained and the nightstick was redesigned with a second handle that protruded from the side of the weapon so it could be used as a grappling weapon as well as a striking weapon. The police officer still had to be in close contact with the person for the nightstick to be effective. Injuries would occur not only to the suspect, but also to the officer. Oleoresin capsicum spray (pepper spray), conductive energy devices (tasers) were the next advancement to be developed for the police officer. Pepper spray is an agent to cause suspects eyes to water uncontrollable that causes the suspect to stop, it also burns the eyes and throat. The taser was also developed to help the officer to keep a distance between themselves and dangerous situations. There have been many other situations in which police officers were able to protect themselves from injury. The situations in which a police officer would use his or her taser in an altercation; escape attempt, restraining of the suspect, or when a suspect is showing paranoid and irrational behavior and threat of injury to the suspect or officer are clear. The locations where some officers have used their tasers are while the suspect is in police custody, at the scene of the arrest, or after being handcuffed. Some people who have been tasered have had an underlying health conditions (heart problems, mental illness, or drug use). More than 70 people have died in the United States and Canada after being struck with a taser. There have been 152 cases and 23 of these cases have resulted in death and the taser was the contributory factor (Adams Jennison,2007). Cases of Taser Misuse A Nevada legislator proposed a bill to require cameras to be mounted to the taser to limit the use of the taser. The Federal Court of Appeals panel made a ruling that a California police officer was not immune from civil litigation when officer Brain McPherson fired his taser at a motorist after a 2005 traffic stop (Anonymous, 2009; Farrell 2009). Law enforcement agencies in the United States stress that built in safe guards (such as chips that record the time and date of each time the taser are fired) are necessary to minimize the potential abuse. These safe guards do not go far enough to prevent officers from abusing their tasers. According to Amnesty International (2004b), there have been reports of inappropriate or abusive use of tasers in various jurisdiction, sometimes involving repeated cycles of electro-shocks on suspects. The evidence suggest that police officers are not using their tasers as a way to avoid using lethal force, but they are using the taser as a routine force to subdue non- complaint individuals who are not posing a threat. In some departments the officers use the taser as a prevalent force tool. Tasers have been used on unruly schoolchildren, unarmed mentally disturbed or intoxicated subjects, and those who were fleeing a minor crime scene. Also, reported victims of police tasering were people who do not follow the police office commands immediately. For example, 12-year old was tasered after fighting with another student on a school bus, and a 14-year old Florida girl and there of her class mates were taser because of fighting (Amnesty International 2004). It seems that todays police officer has converted to the old west mentally of shooting first and asking questions after the fact. This will be shown in this next case of a 40 year old man named Gregory Williams who is a double-leg amputee. According to Patton (2009), Mr. Williams and his wife were having a verbal argument and the police were called. When the police officers arrived at the Williams apartment, the officers separated the couple. One officer talked to Mrs. Williams and the other talked to Mr. Williams who at the time was holding his two year daughter in his lap. Officer Pinnegar informed Mr. Williams that he was under arrest for striking his wife, then Officer Pinnegar tasered him in the ribs. Mr. Williams was then pulled back into his wheelchair by the officer very hard, and was tasered a second time. Williams fell out of his chair and his shorts fell off his body; he was handcuff and left on the sidewalk with his genitals exposed for about ten minutes. The next abusive use of tasers was against a Louisiana man what was wanted by police for cocaine charges. This case will show the excessive use of a taser on a suspect; however this suspect was already in handcuffs. The Winnfield police had an arrest warrant for Baron Scooter Pikes and were going to arrest him, however the arrest was completed when Officer Nugent became over zealous with the use of his taser, and Mr. Pikes, who did not get to his feet quick enough for the officer. Griffin Fitzpatrick (2008) reported than the Louisiana State Police officer tasered 21 year old Baron Scooter Pikes nine times after Mr. Pikes was on the ground and handcuffed. The suspect had stopped twitching after seven jolts of 50,000 volts. Soon after, Pikes was dead. Dr. Randolph Williams, the Winn Parish coroner, ruled Pikes death as a homicide in June after an extensive study. Safeguards Against Misuse of Tasers Law enforcement agencies all over America, Canada, and other countries are adopting tasers as their less than lethal weapon of choose. This weapon gives the officer 21 feet to incapacitate a suspect at a safe distance. However the main concern is to ensure that officers do not become over zealous with this weapon and causes serious injury or death to the civilian population. The public is seeing and hearing more and more of police officers misusing this new weapon instead of using it when all other alternatives have failed. The aspect of the misuse is when officers use the technology on children under 18 years of age, elderly, and handicap persons; and on regular citizen who are not showing a violent nature toward the officer. Anonymous (2009) indicated that the Nevada Legislature is proposing a bill that all tasers issued to law enforcement be equipped with a camera. The bill will also include that the use of the taser is only to be used on people who have committed a felony, or who endanger themselves or others. The U. S. Supreme Count has three rules to justify the use of a taser; the severity of the crime, whether the suspect posed a serious threat to the officer, and whether the suspect was evading or resisting arrest (Rubin Winton, 2009, p 3). These rules were put in place from previous cases because the stun gun dispenses a measurable level of force. According to Farrell (2009) The California Federal Court has ruled that a California police officer was not immune from civil litigation resulting from questionable use of the controversial weapon. So, therefore, civil remedies are established This ruling was set after a Coronado police officer used his taser on a motorist after stopping him for not wearing a seat belt Although the driver showed irrational behavior the officer should have used more intrusive means to take control of the situation. This non lethal weapon needs to be classified in the same way that the officers firearm, pepper spray, and nightstick. Each one of the weapons has rules that guide the officer when the weapon needs to be used; these rules should apply to the taser. Taser International Inc. has developed a data port download kit that helps law enforcement officers to have accurate documentation on the use of the taser by their officers by recording the date and time when the officer fired the taser. They also have the camera attachment that records images and voice for the officer can use this data if accused of misuse. (Rose, 2007), these new attachments my not be affordable for some of the smaller departments, and the officers may believe it is not necessary to have because of confidence that their department policy will protect them from litigation. The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP), and Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) provided guide lines for the increasing police use of the weapon and the concern of risks and liability. These organizations have developed these guidelines to help the police departments development policies, procedures, and training curricula (Rose, 2007). (See the nine strategies in the Appendix). Each of the nine strategies help address issues that will affect the use of tasers by law enforcement officers. These strategies put emphases on training, testing, and safety for the public. The IACP recommends when a police department plans to acquire electronic defense weapons that they should form a leadership team comprised of management, training, policy, field, and budget staff. The team should additionally include members of the community and media representatives; legal counsel, medical practitioners and representatives of the governing or oversight body (Rose, 2007). The team will help to assess any issue that may arise in the acquisition of the cost, training, liability and evaluation. The taser should be placed in the use of force continuum with guidelines for police officers on the degree of force that is appropriate when responding to the subject (Rose, 2007). A leadership team within a police department will be able to help the individual police officers to remain up to date on new training procedures, new laws created on the use of tasers, and medical training in case of a medical emergency. The leadership team would be able to review each case when a taser is discharged and to give recommendations of whether the officer needs additional training or if the officer was within the department policy. The leadership team would be able to make a fair assignment on the cost and benefit of the police department having tasers as their secondary defense weapon. The police department and the officers need to be held accountable for the uses of electronic defense devices. Each police officer should be given clearly defined rules and protocols, and relevant and reliable information about the new technology. The police department additionally should gain public acceptance of the new weapons and should implement a community outreach program to inform the people of their community. The community members should be informed of the tasers capability and its effective goal as an alternative of deadly force, the benefit of its cost, and the goal to reduce officer and suspect injury. All police officers should have some emergency medical training to be a first responder in case a suspect has medical problems after being struck by the taser, and in the removal of the darts form sensitive areas. A medically trained officer could provide any medical attention such a CPR, monitoring the suspect while in custody, and assist in transporting the victim to the nearest hospital or clinic. Conclusion In conclusion, although the taser has been developed as a defense weapon many police officers have made it their primary weapon of choice and use it inappropriately. The misuse of the weapon has the public and the media concerned about whether or not the attitude of todays police officers are serving and protecting the public properly. or are officers using this new defensive weapon to punish people who break the law and who are non-violent just to show them use is in charge. This type of behavior from police officers are causing a lot of concern not only from the communities they serve, but also from the manufacturers that have developed and supply these less-than-lethal weapons to law enforcement agencies. The International Association of Chiefs of Police and the Police Executive Research Forum have produce guidelines for the law enforcement agencies to follow when a police department decides to add the tasers to their non lethal weapon storehouse. References Adams, K., Jennison, V.'(2007). What we do not know about police use of Tasers(TM).Policing,30(3),447-465. Amnesty International, (2004a). Concerns about Taser users. Amnesty International Continuing Concerns about Taser Use. http:www.amnestyusa.org/print.php. Amnesty International, (2004b). Excessive and lethal force. Deaths and Ill-treatment Involving Police use of Tasers. http:www.amnestyusa.org/print.php. Anonymous, (2009,October).Use of Force: Are cameras on Tasers on the horizon? Law Enforcement Delong, G., Thompson, L. (2009). The application and use of tasers by a Midwestern police agency. International Journal of Police Science Management, 11 (4), 414-428. Farrell, B. M. (2009,December30). Federal court in California limits police use of Tasers: The appeals court ruling could raise the bar for when the electric stun-guns can be deployed. Local police departments said the ruling puts officers lives in danger. The Christian Science Monitor. ProQuest document ID: 1930343011, Griffin, D., Fitzpatrick, D. (2008, July 22). Man Dies after Cop Hits Him with Taser 9 Times. http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/07/22/taser.death/?iref=mpstoryview. Lee,B.,Vittinghoff,E.,Whiteman,D.,Park,M.,Lau,L.,Tseng,Z. (2009). Relation of Taser (Electrical Stun Gun) deployment to increase in in-custody sudden deaths.The American Journal of Cardiology,103(6),877-880. MacDonald, J., Kaminski, R., Smith, M. (2009). The effect of non-lethal weapons on injuries in police use-of-force events. American Journal of Public Health, 99 (22), 2268-2274 Patton, A. V. (2009,September). Merced police used Taser on unarmed, legless man in a wheelchair.McClatchy Tribune Business New. Pg. 1-7 Rose, V., (2007, January). Taser use guidelines, liability (law): Police department weapons liability, legal, police. OLR Research Report. Retrieved on 18, April 2010. Rubin, J Winton, R. (2009, December 30). Federal court restricts police taser use; the ruling allowing a man to sue officer for his injuriesmay spur agencies to rewrite use- of- force policies. Los Angeles Times. Pg. A. 3

The Pioneers and Cars Essay -- American History Asians Essays

The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans' love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete with the much more powerful Detroit muscle cars. This resulted in a street-racing scene consisting solely of modified imports. But a lack of aftermarket parts to make the various Toyotas Hondas and Nissans go faster meant that drivers often used nitrous oxide as the best way to compete. As the competition increased, so did the speed and danger. One Asian American who had a vision to race safely also wanted to race at the local drag strip. Unfortunately the track was only reserved for V8's, Mustangs, or Cameros. Frank Choi set out to form an imports only drag race where the track turned away all the muscle cars. His vision became what is now called the Battle of the Imports, one of the most popular drag series and the first of which was started in 1990. Today there is a professional drag racing series by the National Hot Rod Association as well as the Nopi Drag Racing Association run by an aftermarket company out of Atlanta called Nopi. Some of the best and most popular import ... ...t is known today as the import culture or import scene. It is a set of people who challenged the norms and did what couldn't be done. Nobody thought a front wheel drive car could do the quarter mile in 11 seconds, 10 seconds, 9 seconds and then, 8 seconds. Today front wheel drive drag cars can do 8 second passes. I look to them for inspiration for what I would like my car to be in the future. I hope that I can achieve as much as they have done as the underdog, as an entrepreneur, and doing what they most loved. In an import world dominated by Asian Americans, the scene today has no color lines. It began from Asian American culture's love for cars and wanting to race to proving you don't need a V8 to be fast. As time goes by, the industry will grow and cars will get even faster. Props to the pioneers that wouldn't be denied the chance to do what they love. The Pioneers and Cars Essay -- American History Asians Essays The Pioneers and Cars With the popularity of movies like The Fast and the Furious and its sequel Too Fast Too Furious, import car culture has now become mainstream. What had started out as a small subset of Southern California car culture has quickly become part of American culture. In the same way hot rodding of the 50s and muscle cars of the 60s was a cultural lifestyle of the youths of that era, the import scene is now the new car culture of our generation. Car culture runs deeply in California. Hot rodders and street racers daily cruise the streets, all started from Asian Americans' love of import cars and racing. Since most Asian Americans in the late 70s and 80s drove Japanese imports, they could not compete with the much more powerful Detroit muscle cars. This resulted in a street-racing scene consisting solely of modified imports. But a lack of aftermarket parts to make the various Toyotas Hondas and Nissans go faster meant that drivers often used nitrous oxide as the best way to compete. As the competition increased, so did the speed and danger. One Asian American who had a vision to race safely also wanted to race at the local drag strip. Unfortunately the track was only reserved for V8's, Mustangs, or Cameros. Frank Choi set out to form an imports only drag race where the track turned away all the muscle cars. His vision became what is now called the Battle of the Imports, one of the most popular drag series and the first of which was started in 1990. Today there is a professional drag racing series by the National Hot Rod Association as well as the Nopi Drag Racing Association run by an aftermarket company out of Atlanta called Nopi. Some of the best and most popular import ... ...t is known today as the import culture or import scene. It is a set of people who challenged the norms and did what couldn't be done. Nobody thought a front wheel drive car could do the quarter mile in 11 seconds, 10 seconds, 9 seconds and then, 8 seconds. Today front wheel drive drag cars can do 8 second passes. I look to them for inspiration for what I would like my car to be in the future. I hope that I can achieve as much as they have done as the underdog, as an entrepreneur, and doing what they most loved. In an import world dominated by Asian Americans, the scene today has no color lines. It began from Asian American culture's love for cars and wanting to race to proving you don't need a V8 to be fast. As time goes by, the industry will grow and cars will get even faster. Props to the pioneers that wouldn't be denied the chance to do what they love.

Essay --

Moderately Easy Things You'll Need Introduction Shapely muscles are hidden under your excess body fat. Stockbyte/Stockbyte/Getty Images Whether you have saddlebags, love handles, bra bulge, a double chin, or bat wings, reducing excess fat requires a full-body approach. Spot reducing fat by super exercising your problem area doesn't work. (See References 1, p. 15) You'll only strengthen the muscle under the fat, but won't reduce the fat above the muscle. To accomplish this, integrate a healthy diet, cardio and strength training. This combo can accrue the caloric deficit that's needed to reduce your weight. When your body fat reduces, your muscle tone will show, and you'll have a well-defined physique. Step 1 Change your diet and eating habits to reduce your caloric intake. Understand that it takes a deficit of 500 calories a day to lose 1 pound in a week. Part of this can come from dietary changes. For instance, eat fruit to satisfy a sweet tooth; instead of eating high-calorie desserts every day, eat only one dessert a week; reduce your portions by 10 to 15 percent; and limit sugar, salt, alcohol, and saturated and trans fats. (See References 2 and 3) Step 2 Eat foods from all the food groups to make sure your body gets the nutrients it needs to function while you're losing weight. Include a variety of fruits and vegetables in your diet; get whole grains from foods like brown rice and whole-wheat bread; consume reduced-fat dairy products, such as low-fat milk; eat healthy protein from fish, poultry, nuts, and beans. (See References 4) Step 3 Perform 150 to 300 minutes of moderate cardio each week to burn calories. (See References 5) Consider playing tennis, going jogging, swinging walking poles back and forth during a bri... ...muscle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W1zZUunhFsT8oAS1hoLYAw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=spot%20reduce%20fat%20above%20muscle&f=false] American Council on Exercise: Trimming Off the Fat [https://www.acefitness.org/acefit/healthy_living_fit_facts_content.aspx?itemid=2672] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Healthy Eating for a Healthy Weight [http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/healthy_eating/] Harvard School of Public Health: Healthy Eating Plate and Healthy Eating Pyramid [http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/pyramid/] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need? [http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html] American Council on Exercise: High-Intensity Interval Training [http://www.acefitness.org/fitness-fact-article/3317/high-intensity-interval-training/] User Bio